Dietary pattern interventions and their associations with inflammatory diseases in non-elderly adults: a structured literature review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Item
- Title
- Dietary pattern interventions and their associations with inflammatory diseases in non-elderly adults: a structured literature review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
- Author(s)
- Harry, B
- Abstract
- Background Four decades since evidence revealed links between diet and chronic disease, dietary guidelines for their treatment exist. Current evidence demonstrates that whole foods and dietary patterns (DPs) play a greater role than isolated nutrients in chronic disease processes, reflected by a corresponding proliferation of research categorising their associations with different DPs. Despite similar evidence demonstrating that inflammatory diseases are more closely linked to food and diet than to the consumption of specific pro- and anti-inflammatory agents, there is a persistent shortage of literature comparing the association of these diseases with therapeutic DP consumption. Objective This study seeks to answer the question: which DP is suggested by the existing literature to be most strongly associated with the prevention and treatment of inflammation-mediated diseases in non-elderly adults? Design Structured literature review Methods PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect were searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating the relationships between DP interventions and inflammatory disease outcomes in non-elderly, non-pregnant adults. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2. Confidence intervals (95% CI) and p-values were extracted to gauge strength and significance of associations. Results Sixteen studies were selected for inclusion, amounting to 1,321,070 participants and examining outcomes across 7 different inflammatory conditions. Three high quality studies and two moderate quality studies found considerable evidence of associations between depression and four prominent healthy DPs. Two other high-quality studies also found weak associations between: the Mediterranean diet (MD) and musculoskeletal health; and a symptom-guided diet and Crohn’s disease remission. A third moderate quality study found weak associations between low-FODMAPS diets and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms. Discussion Healthy DPs are consistently associated with improved outcomes in a wide array of inflammatory conditions. This study’s findings on depression suggest only slight differences in effect sizes between the four major healthy DPs; however, for other conditions, a disproportionate focus on either the Mediterranean diet or disease-specific DPs precludes comparison with other healthy DPs. Conclusion This review adds to the existing body of evidence of the beneficial effect of healthy DPs—most notably the MD— on a wide array of health outcomes. Further research is recommended to establish the most effective dietary interventions and to clarify diet-disease associations where evidence is lacking.
- presented at
- European School of Osteopathy
- Date Accepted
- 2020
- Date Submitted
- 28.10.2020 18:08:19
- Type
- osteo_thesis
- Language
- English
- Submitted by:
- 62
- Pub-Identifier
- 16663
- Inst-Identifier
- 1229
- Recommended
- 0
- Item sets
- Thesis
Harry, B, “Dietary pattern interventions and their associations with inflammatory diseases in non-elderly adults: a structured literature review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses”, Osteopathic Research Web, accessed May 2, 2025, https://www.osteopathic-research.org/s/orw/item/192